{"id":6719,"date":"2022-01-04T20:05:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T20:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/apuntmenorca.com\/descubre-la-menorca-britanica-los-10-imprescindibles\/"},"modified":"2022-06-27T19:37:04","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T19:37:04","slug":"menorca-britanica-imprescindibles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apuntmenorca.com\/ca\/art-i-cultura\/menorca-britanica-imprescindibles\/","title":{"rendered":"Menorca Brit\u00e0nica: els testimonis d’un vibrant segle XVIII"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amb el nom de Menorca Brit\u00e0nica es distingeixen totes aquelles manifestacions heretades d’un segle XVIII que va ser eminentment angl\u00e8s. Entre aquestes manifestacions es compten construccions militars, infraestructures p\u00fabliques i, fins i tot, vocabulari i costums.<\/p>\n

La naturalesa estrat\u00e8gica del port de Ma\u00f3 explica que en el segle XVIII l’illa fora ocupada per tres pa\u00efsos: Anglaterra,de 1708 a 1756, de 1763 a 1782 i de 1798 a 1802; Fran\u00e7a de 1756 a 1763; y Espanya, de 1782 a 1798 i a partir de 1802.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, durant m\u00e9s de dos ter\u00e7os del segle XVIII l’illa de Menorca va estar en mans brit\u00e0niques<\/strong>. Va ser un per\u00edode de transformacions, de modernitzaci\u00f3 i canvis, que afectaren a diferents \u00e0mbits de la vida, de l’econ\u00f2mic al pol\u00edtic passant per l’urban\u00edstic i el cultural.<\/p>\n

A difer\u00e8ncia del que va passar en ocupacions anteriors, la pres\u00e8ncia brit\u00e0nica s\u00ed que va afavorir l’activitat econ\u00f2mica i la producci\u00f3 cultural a Menorca<\/strong>. Va ser decisiva, perqu\u00e8 aix\u00ed fos, la llibertat de comer\u00e7 introdu\u00efda pels anglesos i el respecte a les lleis, les institucions i la cultura pr\u00f2pies del poble menorqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

La pres\u00e8ncia va ser tan prolongada i les actuacions de tal calat, que encara avui \u00e9s molt visible aquest llegat brit\u00e0nic a l’illa. Passem a descobrir els testimonis m\u00e9s rellevants…<\/p>\n

El nucli de la Menorca Brit\u00e0nica<\/h2>\n

ES CASTELL
\n<\/strong>El poble des Castell va ser fundat pels brit\u00e0nics amb el nom de Georgetown, i el seu disseny urb\u00e0<\/strong>, un entramat de carrers en forma de quadr\u00edcula, \u00e9s obra de l\u2019enginyer escoc\u00e8s Patrick Mackellar<\/strong>, que aplic\u00e0 els principis de l\u2019urbanisme militar brit\u00e0nic. Al centre del poble trobem l\u2019Esplanada, antiga pla\u00e7a d\u2019armes, presidida per l\u2019Ajuntament i envoltada d\u2019edificis d\u2019origen militar i inconfusible aire brit\u00e0nic.<\/p>\n

FORT MARLBOROUGH
\n<\/strong>Constru\u00eft entre 1710 i 1726 a la cala Sant Esteve, al municipi des Castell, el Fort Marlborough<\/a> \u00e9s una de les fortificacions m\u00e9s espectaculars de la Menorca Brit\u00e0nica<\/strong>, i la seva singular arquitectura destaca perqu\u00e8 est\u00e0 excavada a la roca i no \u00e9s visible des de l\u2019exterior. El complex disposa d\u2019un muntatge expositiu que recrea la vida al fort i els assetjaments que va patir, i ens permet con\u00e8ixer la hist\u00f2ria de Menorca i Europa durant el segle XVIII.<\/p>\n

HOSPITAL MILITAR DE L’ILLA DEL REI
\n<\/strong>L\u2019hospital militar constru\u00eft pels brit\u00e0nics a l\u2019illa del Rei del port de Ma\u00f3<\/a>, tamb\u00e9 coneguda com a \u00abThe Bloody Island\u00bb, va estar en funcionament des del segle XVIII fins als anys 60 del segle XX. L\u2019edifici de l\u2019antic hospital, de gran inter\u00e8s arquitect\u00f2nic, ocupa gran part de l\u2019illot, i des de l\u2019any 2004 la Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Illa del Rei s\u2019ocupa de la recuperaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest important espai, aix\u00ed com de la preservaci\u00f3 de la seva mem\u00f2ria.<\/p>\n

BASE NAVAL I ILLA PINTO<\/strong>
\nL’any 1708, els brit\u00e0nics van construir en el port de Ma\u00f3 una base naval per cobrir les necessitats de l’armada brit\u00e0nica. M\u00e9s tard, van decidir utilitzar un illot proper com a centre d’operacions i drassana. Per a aix\u00f2, el varen aplanar, varen habilitar molls i el varen connectar amb la ribera nord del port. El 1774 es va acabar la construcci\u00f3 dels magatzems i altres edificis.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de Ma\u00f3 i es Castell<\/h2>\n

CAM\u00cd D’EN KANE
\n<\/strong>El Cam\u00ed d\u2019en Kane va ser constru\u00eft sota les ordres del governador Richard Kane per facilitar el tr\u00e0nsit de les tropes entre Ma\u00f3 i Ciutadella. Durant el segle XVIII va ser la principal via de comunicaci\u00f3 de l\u2019illa<\/strong>. Amb la construcci\u00f3 de la carretera general, el cam\u00ed va anar perdent import\u00e0ncia. Actualment, el tram de Ma\u00f3 a Es Mercadal \u2013l’\u00fanic transitable\u2013 s\u2019ha convertit en una carretera tranquil\u00b7la que convida a descobrir la bellesa de la Menorca interior.<\/p>\n

TORRE DE FORNELLS
\n<\/strong>Onze de les torres de defensa constru\u00efdes a Menorca s\u00f3n d\u2019origen brit\u00e0nic. D\u2019entre aquestes, la Torre de Fornells<\/a> \u00e9s una de les m\u00e9s grans i ben conservades.Va ser constru\u00efda l\u2019any 1802 per protegir l\u2019entrada del port de Fornells<\/strong>, i va ser restaurada i oberta al p\u00fablic l\u2019any 2000. Al seu interior, una exposici\u00f3 explica al visitant com era la vida dels soldats a la torre i les caracter\u00edstiques constructives de l\u2019edifici.<\/p>\n

ALJUB DES MERCADAL
\n<\/strong>L\u2019aljub des Mercadal \u00e9s un de les construccions m\u00e9s emblem\u00e0tiques de la Menorca brit\u00e0nica. Va ser constru\u00eft el 1735 per ordre del governador Richard Kane<\/strong> per tal d\u2019abastir d\u2019aigua les tropes que creuaven l\u2019illa. Actualment es troba en proc\u00e9s de rehabilitaci\u00f3 i es preveu que torni a donar servei als ve\u00efns del municipi.<\/p>\n

TORRE DES CASTELLAR
\n<\/strong>La torre des Castellar va ser aixecada pels brit\u00e0nics entre 1799 i 1802 com a suport per al castell de Sant Nicolau, que protegia l\u2019entrada del port de Ciutadella. De planta circular, l\u2019edifici est\u00e0 envoltat d\u2019un fossat de sis metres d\u2019ampl\u00e0ria i es troba enfonsat a terra, fet pel qual passava desapercebut per als vaixells enemics.<\/p>\n

Arquitectura civil i l\u00e8xic<\/h2>\n

M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de l’arquitectura i les infraestructures militars<\/strong>, es conserven elements de distinta naturalesa que tamb\u00e9 parlen del passat brit\u00e0nic de Menorca. \u00c9s molt freq\u00fcent, per exemple, troba en les cases menorquines les t\u00edpiques finestres de guillotina i les tribunes o finestres sortints, anomenades \u00abbo\u00ednders\u00bb (bow window<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Aquesta her\u00e8ncia tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s visible en alguns predis \u2013Sant Antoni, en el port de Ma\u00f3, i Son Bonaventuram, en Alaior\u2013 que segueixen la corrent cl\u00e0ssica-palladiana que va arribar a l’illa amb els brit\u00e0nics.<\/p>\n

Especialment notable \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 la influ\u00e8ncia brit\u00e0nica en el vocubulari menorqu\u00ed<\/strong>, que compta amb alguns anglicisme com \u00abgrevi\u00bb (gravy<\/span><\/em>, salsa), \u00abxoc\u00bb (chalk<\/span><\/em>, guix), \u00abull blec\u00bb (black<\/span><\/em>, ull morat), \u00abfitim\u00bb (fighting<\/span><\/em>, lluita), \u00abm\u00e8rvil\u00bb (marble<\/span><\/em>, canica) o \u00abtornescr\u00fa\u00bb y \u00abescr\u00fa\u00bb (screw<\/span><\/em>, tornav\u00eds).<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9 es pot trobar la petjada brit\u00e0nica en les costums. Per exemple, el dia dels innocents \u2013\u00abel dia d’enganar\u00bb a Menorca\u2013 no \u00e9s el 28 de desembre, sin\u00f3 l’1 d’abril, com a Regne Unit (April Fool’s Day<\/em>). I, com no, en la gastronomia. Els menorquins gaudeixen d’un bon p\u00fading i una bona ginebra<\/strong>, com la que elabora Gin Xoriguer des de fa d\u00e8cades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amb el nom de Menorca Brit\u00e0nica es distingeixen totes aquelles manifestacions heretades d’un segle XVIII que va ser eminentment angl\u00e8s. Entre aquestes manifestacions es compten construccions militars, infraestructures p\u00fabliques i, fins i tot, vocabulari i costums. La naturalesa estrat\u00e8gica del port de Ma\u00f3 explica que en el segle XVIII l’illa fora ocupada per tres pa\u00efsos: […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[366],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-i-cultura"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMenorca Brit\u00e0nica: els testimonis d'un vibrant segle XVIII | Apunt Menorca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El passat brit\u00e0nic es percep en molts \u00e0mbits de la vida quotidiana: desde l'arquitectura fins al l\u00e8xic. 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